The Visitor pattern (and all pattern related to reusable software) has to do with reusability in an inclusion polymorphism context (subtypes and inheritance).
Composite explains a solution in which you can add a new subtype to an existing one without modifying the latter one code.
Visitor explains a solution in which you can add a new function to an existing type (and to all of its subtypes) without modifying the type code.
These solutions belong to object-oriented programming and require message sending (method invocation) with dynamic binding.
You can do this in Ocaml is you use the "O" (the Object layer), with some limitation coming with the advantage of having strong typing.
In OCaml Having a set of related types, deciding whether you will use a class hierarchy and message sending or, as suggested by andreas, a concrete (algebraic) type together with pattern matching and simple function call, is a hard question.
Concrete types are not equivalent. If you choose the latter, you will be unable to define a new node in your AST after your node type will be defined and compiled. Once said that a A is either a A1 or a A2, your cannot say later on that there are also some A3, without modifying the source code.
In your case, if you want to implement a visitor, replace your EXPR concrete type by a class and its subclasses and your functions by methods (which are also functions by the way). Dynamic binding will then do the job.