OWIN OpenID provider - GetExternalLoginInfo() returns null

Question 1

The problem occurs when ASP.NET_SessionId cookie is missing.

Setting a dummy value in session before redirecting to the OpenID provider for credentials seems to solve the problem:

[AllowAnonymous]
public ActionResult Login(string returnUrl)
{
    Session["dummy"] = "dummy"; // Create ASP.NET_SessionId cookie

    return View();
}

More details in this answer: https://stackoverflow.com/a/21234614/205023

Question 2

The accepted answer did not solve the problem for me; what did work was to enable the "Google+ API" in the API Manager from the Google Developers Console.

Question 3

For me, putting ControllerContext.HttpContext.Session.RemoveAll(); in AccountController and ManageController, solved the Problem:

    public ActionResult ExternalLogin(string provider, string returnUrl)
    {
        ControllerContext.HttpContext.Session.RemoveAll();

        // Request a redirect to the external login provider
        return new ChallengeResult(provider, Url.Action("ExternalLoginCallback", "Account", new { ReturnUrl = returnUrl }));
    }

and

    public ActionResult LinkLogin(string provider)
    {
        ControllerContext.HttpContext.Session.RemoveAll();

        // Request a redirect to the external login provider to link a login for the current user
        return new AccountController.ChallengeResult(provider, Url.Action("LinkLoginCallback", "Manage"), User.Identity.GetUserId());
    }

Question 4

The right approach here its just to update all the owin components in the solution.

Question 5

I'm using SecuritySwitch to setup the secure and non-secure pages and the reason for my problem was that the /signin-google path was redirected to a non secure request, instead of using the secure request.

Question 6

I had this issue with all OpenIdConnect implementations - the key to getting it working was making sure that the authentication options included a ResponseType of OpenIdConnectResponseType.CodeIdToken. Here's an example of my Startup.Auth:

Public Sub ConfigureAuth(app As IAppBuilder)
    app.CreatePerOwinContext(AddressOf ApplicationDbContext.Create)
    app.CreatePerOwinContext(Of ApplicationUserManager)(AddressOf ApplicationUserManager.Create)
    app.CreatePerOwinContext(Of ApplicationSignInManager)(AddressOf ApplicationSignInManager.Create)
   app.SetDefaultSignInAsAuthenticationType(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationType)
    app.UseCookieAuthentication(New CookieAuthenticationOptions() With {
        .AuthenticationType = DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ApplicationCookie,
        .Provider = New CookieAuthenticationProvider() With {
            .OnValidateIdentity = SecurityStampValidator.OnValidateIdentity(Of ApplicationUserManager, ApplicationUser)(
                validateInterval:=TimeSpan.FromMinutes(30),
                regenerateIdentity:=Function(manager, user) user.GenerateUserIdentityAsync(manager))},
        .LoginPath = New PathString("/Account/Login")})
    app.UseExternalSignInCookie(DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ExternalCookie)

    Dim facebookOptions = New FacebookAuthenticationOptions With {
        .AppId = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings("FacebookClientID"),
        .AppSecret = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings("FacebookClientSecret"),
        .Provider = New FacebookAuthenticationProvider With {
            .OnAuthenticated = Function(context)
                                   context.Identity.AddClaim(New Claim("Provider", "Facebook"))
                                   context.Identity.AddClaim(New Claim("provider:name", context.Identity.FindFirstValue(ClaimTypes.Name)))
                                   context.Identity.AddClaim(New Claim("provider:accesstoken", context.AccessToken, ClaimValueTypes.String, "Facebook"))
                                   context.Identity.AddClaim(New Claim("provider:picture", String.Format("//graph.facebook.com/{0}/picture?type=square", context.User.Value(Of String)("id"))))
                                   Dim email = context.Identity.FindFirstValue(ClaimTypes.Email)
                                   If email IsNot Nothing Then
                                       context.Identity.AddClaim(New Claim("provider:email", email))
                                   Else
                                       Dim fb = New Facebook.FacebookClient(context.AccessToken)
                                       Dim myInfo = fb.Get("/me?fields=email")
                                       email = myInfo("email")
                                       If email IsNot Nothing Then
                                           context.Identity.AddClaim(New Claim("provider:email", email))
                                       Else
                                           Throw New ArgumentNullException("myInfo.Email")
                                       End If
                                   End If

                                   Return Task.FromResult(0)
                               End Function}}
    facebookOptions.Scope.Add("email")
    app.UseFacebookAuthentication(facebookOptions)

    app.UseGoogleAuthentication(New GoogleOAuth2AuthenticationOptions() With {
       .ClientId = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings("GoogleClientID"),
       .ClientSecret = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings("GoogleClientSecret"),
       .Provider = New GoogleOAuth2AuthenticationProvider With {.OnAuthenticated = Function(context)
                                                                                       context.Identity.AddClaim(New Claim("Provider", "Google"))
                                                                                       context.Identity.AddClaim(New Claim("provider:name", context.Identity.FindFirstValue(ClaimTypes.Name)))
                                                                                       context.Identity.AddClaim(New Claim("provider:email", context.Identity.FindFirstValue(ClaimTypes.Email)))
                                                                                       context.Identity.AddClaim(New Claim("provider:accesstoken", context.AccessToken, ClaimValueTypes.String, "Google"))
                                                                                       context.Identity.AddClaim(New Claim("provider:picture", context.User.SelectToken("image")?.Value(Of String)("url")))

                                                                                       Return Task.FromResult(0)
                                                                                   End Function}})

    app.UseLinkedInAuthentication(New LinkedInAuthenticationOptions With {
        .ClientId = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings("LinkedInClientID"),
        .ClientSecret = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings("LinkedInClientSecret"),
        .Provider = New LinkedInAuthenticationProvider With {.OnAuthenticated = Function(context)
                                                                                    context.Identity.AddClaim(New Claim("Provider", "LinkedIn"))
                                                                                    context.Identity.AddClaim(New Claim("provider:name", context.Name))
                                                                                    context.Identity.AddClaim(New Claim("provider:email", context.Email))
                                                                                    context.Identity.AddClaim(New Claim("provider:accesstoken", context.AccessToken, ClaimValueTypes.String, "LinkedIn"))
                                                                                    context.Identity.AddClaim(New Claim("provider:picture", context.User.SelectToken("pictureUrl").ToString))

                                                                                    Return Task.FromResult(0)
                                                                                End Function}})

    Dim oktaOptions = New OpenIdConnect.OpenIdConnectAuthenticationOptions With {
        .AuthenticationType = "okta",
        .SignInAsAuthenticationType = "Cookies",
        .Authority = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings("okta:Authority"),
        .ResponseType = Microsoft.IdentityModel.Protocols.OpenIdConnect.OpenIdConnectResponseType.CodeIdToken,
        .ClientId = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings("okta:ClientId"),
        .ClientSecret = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings("okta:ClientSecret"),
        .RedirectUri = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings("okta:RedirectUri"),
        .TokenValidationParameters = New Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.TokenValidationParameters With {.ValidateIssuer = True},
        .Scope = "openid profile email"
    }
    app.UseOpenIdConnectAuthentication(oktaOptions)


    Dim auth0Options = New OpenIdConnect.OpenIdConnectAuthenticationOptions With {
        .AuthenticationType = "auth0",
        .SignInAsAuthenticationType = "Cookies",
        .Authority = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings("auth0:Authority"),
        .ResponseType = Microsoft.IdentityModel.Protocols.OpenIdConnect.OpenIdConnectResponseType.CodeIdToken,
        .ClientId = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings("auth0:ClientId"),
        .ClientSecret = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings("auth0:ClientSecret"),
        .RedirectUri = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings("auth0:RedirectUri"),
        .TokenValidationParameters = New Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.TokenValidationParameters With {.ValidateIssuer = True},
        .Scope = "openid profile email"
    }
    app.UseOpenIdConnectAuthentication(auth0Options)

    app.MapSignalR

    GlobalHost.DependencyResolver.Register(GetType(IUserIdProvider), Function() New MySignalRIdProvider())
End Sub