No - ADFS OOTB just provides a Federation layer on top of AD.
It does not open up any AD API's.
You'll have to do that with standard AD functionality.
Or add some custom code ...
Question
How can I get a complete listing of users or groups in ADFS?
I know OpenAM has REST APIs to do that, is there something similar in ADFS?
Solution
No - ADFS OOTB just provides a Federation layer on top of AD.
It does not open up any AD API's.
You'll have to do that with standard AD functionality.
Or add some custom code ...