Alright, it's finally working.
Apparently, Xcode applies linked flags to all linked frameworks and libraries (?). In order to circumvent this limitation, I added in other linker flags:
-force_load "/Path/To/Library.a"
This is the same as what the parse forums suggested, but I had linked the parse framework with the library, which was just silly of me. I removed that, and now it works! Analytics code in the library and the application both work, without linking facebookSDK.