Google Cloud Storage is as fast an option for loading images as any other. A browser reads a link and asks the server (in this case GCS) to deliver an image. There is no "internal" URL that can work faster - the speed reflects the bandwidth/distance between GCS and the browser which asked for an image.
You can speed it up by using a CDN, where your image is stored on local servers throughout the world. It only makes sense if you serve content to a very large number of users, and it is a critical part of how fast a page loads.
Another way to speed up page load time is to use image sprites instead of images. This way you cut the number of requests from a browser to a server (i.e. GCS). If you images do not change frequently, and most pages need the same "collection" of images (i.e. not shown dynamically), this is a very good solution.