The error was in my JNI call, not in Android :
(*env)->ReleaseIntArrayElements(env, pixels, nativePixels, JNI_COMMIT);
JNI_COMMIT : copy back the content but do not free the elems buffer
The solution is to use 0 instead of JNI_COMMIT :
(*env)->ReleaseIntArrayElements(env, pixels, nativePixels, 0);