How can I detect if a type can be streamed to an std::ostream?

Question

I'm trying to write a type trait to detect if a type has overloaded operator<<() suitable to use to an output stream.

I'm missing something because I'm always getting true for a simple empty class with no operators at all.

Here the code:

template<typename S, typename T>
class is_streamable
{
    template<typename SS, typename TT>
    static auto test(SS&& s, TT&& t)
    -> decltype(std::forward<SS>(s) << std::forward<TT>(t));

    struct dummy_t {};
    static dummy_t test(...);

    using return_type = decltype(test(std::declval<S>(), std::declval<T>()));

public:
    static const bool value = !std::is_same<return_type, dummy_t>::value;
};

class C {};

int main() {
    std::cout << is_streamable<std::stringstream, C>::value << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

Output:

1

Here it is in ideone: https://ideone.com/ikSBoT

What am I doing wrong?

Answer 1

It's apparently this overload of operator<< that's stepping in your way and making the expression in traling return type valid:

template< class CharT, class Traits, class T >
basic_ostream< CharT, Traits >& operator<<( basic_ostream<CharT,Traits>&& os,
                                            const T& value );

See (3) on this reference page. It's a simple forwarder (calling os << value) that was added in C++11 to allow insertion to rvalue-streams because they don't bind to overloads taking an lvalue reference.

So, the problem is that std::declval<SS>() returns an rvalue reference and this overload kicks in. The call itself is well-formed, but because the function itself does not get instantiated you don't get an error even if value is not streamable.

This can be sidestepped if you explicitly ask for lvalue reference: std::declval<SS&>().

I'd also suggest a slightly different implementation, without passing stream and value to test. You can use declval directly inside decltype. Together with comma operator, it looks like this:

#include <type_traits>
#include <utility>
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>

template<typename S, typename T>
class is_streamable
{
    template<typename SS, typename TT>
    static auto test(int)
    -> decltype( std::declval<SS&>() << std::declval<TT>(), std::true_type() );

    template<typename, typename>
    static auto test(...) -> std::false_type;

public:
    static const bool value = decltype(test<S,T>(0))::value;
};

class C {};

int main() {
    std::cout << is_streamable<std::stringstream, C>::value << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

Answer 2

jrok's answer causes linkage errors when the value is passed to a function requiring a lvalue (i.e. TheThruth(const bool& t)). So now in C++17 we have template void_t. And based on the example on CPPReference I wrote and tested the following:

#include <iostream>
#include <typeinfo>

template<typename S, typename T, typename = void>
struct is_to_stream_writable: std::false_type {};

template<typename S, typename T>
struct is_to_stream_writable<S, T,
        std::void_t<  decltype( std::declval<S&>()<<std::declval<T>() )  > >
: std::true_type {};


class Foo
{
    public:
    Foo(){}
};

void TheTruth(const bool& t)
{
    std::cout<< t<< std::endl;
}

int main() {
    std::cout<< is_to_stream_writable<std::ostream,int>::value <<std::endl;
    std::cout<< is_to_stream_writable<std::ostream,Foo>::value <<std::endl;
    TheTruth( is_to_stream_writable<std::ostream,int>::value  );

}

Also note the name is_to_stream_writable better fits to operator << and suggests name: is_from_stream_readable for operator >> (better name suggestions are welcome).

The code compiles with g++ -std=c++1z -O0 -Wall -pedantic main.cpp, gcc versions 6.2 and 7.2 and on Coliru.

Answer 3

I’m not entirely sure what the issue is, but it works if you remove the std::forwards, and I don’t think they’re necessary here anyway:

template<typename SS, typename TT>
static auto test(SS&& s, TT&& t) -> decltype(s << t);

Live example

Answer 4

One simple way...

template <typename T, class = void>
struct is_streamable : std::false_type { };

template <typename T>
struct is_streamable<T, std::void_t<decltype(std::cout << *(T*)0)>>
  : std::true_type { };

---

Or, "inspired" by ypw's answer (ypw - if you edit yours accordingly - or create a new one to get rid of the downvotes - I'll delete this and upvote yours):

template <typename T>
class is_streamable
{
    template <typename U> // must be template to get SFINAE fall-through...
    static auto test(const U* u) -> decltype(std::cout << *u);

    static auto test(...)        -> std::false_type;

 public:
    enum { value = !std::is_same_v<decltype(test((T*)0)), std::false_type> };
};

Discussion

The main point of this answer is to highlight how pointless all the worry about rvalue/lvalue references, declvar, forwarding etc. is for this problem. Remember we're just doing a compile time assertion that the streaming notation's supported - there's no run-time for run-time efficiency considerations such as types of references to matter, nor is there a need to use declvar to create a stream as though there was none available. This code keeps it simple and I believe it has full utility - evidence to the contrary most welcome.

Answer 5

EDIT : As found by @jrok, it exist a generic operator<< for rvalue streams that interact badly.

Something is really wrong here, if you look at the code below tested on coliru, the 2 last lines compile even if it they should not…

std::stringstream ss;
B b;
int v;

std::cout << typeid(decltype(ss>>v )).name() << "\n" ;
std::cout << typeid(decltype(ss<<1 )).name() << "\n" ;
std::cout << typeid(decltype(std::declval<std::stringstream>()>>v )).name() << "\n" ;
std::cout << typeid(decltype(std::declval<std::stringstream>()<<1 )).name() << "\n" ;

//std::cout << typeid(decltype(ss>>b )).name() << "\n" ; // do not compile
//std::cout << typeid(decltype(ss<<b )).name() << "\n" ; // do not compile
std::cout << typeid(decltype(std::declval<std::stringstream>()>>b )).name() << "\n" ; // should not compile but succeed
std::cout << typeid(decltype(std::declval<std::stringstream>()<<b )).name() << "\n" ; // should not compile but succeed

Answer 6

And to test for '>>' operator:

template<typename IOS, typename T> class can_read_from_ios
{
   static_assert (std::is_base_of<std::ios, IOS>::value);

   template<typename ios, typename t> \
   static auto test (int) -> decltype (std::declval<ios&> () >> std::declval<t&> (), std::true_type ());

   template<typename, typename> static auto test (...) -> std::false_type;

public:

   static const bool value = decltype (test<IOS, T> (0))::value;
};