Yes, you will need to use ClojureScript. D3 is a JavaScript library, not a Java one, so to use it you'll need to be running in a browser environment, which is what ClojureScript is for.
Then all you need to do is call the D3 api via ClojureScript's interoperability forms. Explaining how to do that at length is beyond the scope of this question.
Some resources to get you started:
Introduction to ClojureScript <-> JavaScript interoperability: https://lambdaisland.com/episodes/clojurescript-interop
David Nolen's excellent blog series on ClojureScript: http://swannodette.github.io/2013/11/07/clojurescript-101
ClojureScript: Up and Running: http://www.amazon.com/ClojureScript-Up-Running-Stuart-Sierra/dp/1449327435/ (disclaimer, I am one of the authors)