How to define a shortcut for special keys in Java Swing, e.g. german umlaut key Ä?

Question

How do I define a keyboard shortcut for top level special keys like german umlaut key Ä? I found a way to map unicode letters that are used for default american layout keys, see here. But the key event for the german umlaut key Ä is:

java.awt.event.KeyEvent[KEY_PRESSED,keyCode=0,keyText=Unknown keyCode: 0x0,keyChar='ä',keyLocation=KEY_LOCATION_STANDARD,rawCode=222,primaryLevelUnicode=228,scancode=40] on frame0 

The idea is to register a keyboard action:

import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;

import javax.swing.AbstractAction;
import javax.swing.JComponent;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.KeyStroke;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;


public class KeyStrokeForGermanUmlaut {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                JFrame frame = new JFrame();
                frame.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(600, 400));
                frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

                JPanel panel = new JPanel();
                final JLabel label = new JLabel("Text shall change with shortcut");
                panel.add(label);
                panel.registerKeyboardAction(new AbstractAction() {
                    @Override
                    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) {
                        label.setText("It is working!!!");
                    }
                }, KeyStroke.getKeyStroke("control typed Ä"), JComponent.WHEN_IN_FOCUSED_WINDOW);

                frame.getContentPane().add(panel);
                frame.pack();
                frame.setVisible(true);
            }
        });
    }
}

Answer 1

I am afraid there is something fishy in the handling of modifiers for CTRL. That is: when inspecting the received key modifier=InputEvent.CTRL_MASK, extended modifier=InputEvent.CTRL_DOWN_MASK. And the API's javadoc is a bit suspicious.

Apart from that, Ä is not a special case, when "control" is left out.

To make it work, I had to add a dirty hack: register a key listener, that calls the action itself. I must be overseeing something.

For the rest I used an InputMap/ActionMap as intended. The input map does not seem to work, but to my understanding it does not work if added to a JTextField, or in the other answer (for Ä). The following works - in a horrible way.

final JLabel label = new JLabel("Text shall change with shortcut");
final KeyStroke key = KeyStroke.getKeyStroke((Character)'k',
        InputEvent.CTRL_DOWN_MASK, false);
final Object actionKey = "auml";
final Action action = new AbstractAction() {
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) {
        System.out.println("aha");
        label.setText("It is working!!!");
    }
};
label.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {

    @Override
    public void keyPressed(java.awt.event.KeyEvent e) {
        if (e.isControlDown() && e.getKeyChar() == 'ä') {
            System.out.println("Ctrl-ä");
            label.getActionMap().get(actionKey).actionPerformed(null);
            // return;
        }
        super.keyPressed(e);
    }
});
label.getInputMap().put(key, actionKey);
label.getActionMap().put(actionKey, action);

Answer 2

• you can to conjuring with JLabel, nothing happends for KeyEvents

• should be start point with moving the focus to JFrames ContentPane (can be used as JPanel, but has BorderLayout in compare with plain JPanel - FlowLayout)

-

import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import javax.swing.AbstractAction;
import javax.swing.Action;
import javax.swing.JComponent;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.KeyStroke;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;

public class KeyStrokeForGermanUmlaut {

    private JFrame frame = new JFrame();
    private JLabel label = new JLabel("Text shall change with shortcut");

    public KeyStrokeForGermanUmlaut() {
        frame.getRootPane().getInputMap(JComponent.WHEN_IN_FOCUSED_WINDOW).put(
                KeyStroke.getKeyStroke(KeyEvent.VK_A, KeyEvent.CTRL_MASK), "CTRL + A");
        frame.getRootPane().getActionMap().put("CTRL + A", updateCol());
        frame.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(600, 100));
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        frame.add(label);
        frame.pack();
        frame.setLocation(150, 150);
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }

    private Action updateCol() {
        return new AbstractAction("Hello World") {
            private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                label.setText(label.getText() + " presses");
            }
        };
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                new KeyStrokeForGermanUmlaut();
            }
        });
    }
}

.

.

---

EDIT see description in API getKeyStroke/ v.s. getKeyStrokeForEvent

then result is could be (little bit lost when and how to use modifiers SHIFT with uppercase form (ä and ú) for those two chars, maybe someone will help us with those pieces of KeyEvents)

from

import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import javax.swing.AbstractAction;
import javax.swing.Action;
import javax.swing.JComponent;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.KeyStroke;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;

public class KeyStrokeForGermanUmlaut {

    private JFrame frame = new JFrame();
    private JLabel label = new JLabel("Text shall change with shortcut");

    public KeyStrokeForGermanUmlaut() {
        frame.getRootPane().getInputMap(JComponent.WHEN_IN_FOCUSED_WINDOW).put(
                KeyStroke.getKeyStroke("typed ä"), "typed ä");
        frame.getRootPane().getActionMap().put("typed ä", updateCol());
        frame.getRootPane().getInputMap(JComponent.WHEN_IN_FOCUSED_WINDOW).put(
                KeyStroke.getKeyStroke("typed ú"), "typed ú");
        frame.getRootPane().getActionMap().put("typed ú", updateCol1());
        frame.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(600, 100));
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        frame.add(label);
        frame.pack();
        frame.setLocation(150, 150);
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }

    private Action updateCol() {
        return new AbstractAction("Hello World") {
            private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                label.setText(label.getText() + " presses - ä");
            }
        };
    }

    private Action updateCol1() {
        return new AbstractAction("Hello World") {
            private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                label.setText(label.getText() + " presses - ú");
            }
        };
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                new KeyStrokeForGermanUmlaut();
            }
        });
    }
}

Answer 3

Ä, \xC4, Ä, Ä, %C4, %C3%84

There are the code for Ä. Please try with this, maybe one them will work for you.