You need to break your problem down and tackle the various pieces -
- Obtain the user's location when the app opens and periodically The Location and Maps programming guide is a good starting point. You can use CLLocationManager to obtain your initial location and you can register for the significant location change event to get updates periodically, even when your app isn't running. Apple has example code plus there are plenty of other examples out there - Just search using "Core Location examples"
- Store the user's location in your Parse database There are examples and documentation on Parse.com showing how to do this. You can also provide a web service that allows your app to query the database for other users at the same location
- Identify other users at the same location when your app isn't running You can use Parse background jobs to trawl your database, match user locations and send push notifications to your users. Again there are examples on Parse.com showing how to set up background jobs and push notifications