Before using this transform you need to add it:
Storyboard s = new Storyboard();
DoubleAnimation doubleAni = new DoubleAnimation();
doubleAni.To = to;
doubleAni.From = from;
doubleAni.Duration = new Duration(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(250));
// THIS LINE IS NEW
NaviBar.RenderTransform = new CompositeTransform();
Storyboard.SetTarget(doubleAni, NaviBar);
Storyboard.SetTargetProperty(doubleAni, "(UIElement.RenderTransform).(CompositeTransform.TranslateX)");
s.Children.Add(doubleAni);
s.Begin();
This does the trick. It's still not the functionality that I wanted but the hardest part - the animation - works now.