You almost certainly see a speed performance lift from OpenGL over Quartz, however remember that whereas Quartz uses point to point drawing, OpenGL is based on the use of vertices and vertices points (essentially co-ordinates). You may find you need to do some mid-weight parsing work on your existing data source to re-work it into this vertices point system.
Also keep in mind that drawing text on top of an OpenGL ES object is a tricky task - it can be done (ironically) by using Quartz to generate an image, and then using this image as a texture.
I'd definitely recommend using OpenGL Kit as it will make life a bit easier for you as a beginner to OpenGL. Ray Wenderlich has an excellent starting point tutorial here :
http://www.raywenderlich.com/5223/beginning-opengl-es-2-0-with-glkit-part-1