From your post I assume that you are looking a way to read the String obtained after the Mail message and Cut it and then tweet it.
Try the following.
<processor-chain>
<set-payload value="#[message.payloadAs(java.lang.String).substring(0,139)]"
<twitter:update-status config-ref="Twitter" doc:name="Twitter" status="#[payload]"/>
<echo-component doc:name="Echo"/>
</processor-chain>
This truncates the message to 140 characters and send its a payload to the Twitter update-status
processor.
Hope this helps.