When using a combobox, the first value in the list is the selected value. When you are using a list box, you have to choose a value from the list first. If you select a value, your example will fail too.
Because you are changing the allowed values of the combobox/listbox programmatically, and then try to set a value which is not longer in the list (the value is posted back to the server when doing a partial refresh), a validation error occurs, and the value of the inputText ('aaaaa') is not set in the backend.
You can add a xp:messages component inside of the panels, then you can see the error message.