Thanks your answer was partial useful.
For anybody who like to know how I achieved the modal window and pass back data from it to a main dialog:
I ended up using Fancybox (http://fancybox.net/) which is JQuery and way more flexiable than the Joomla default modal window.
The result can be found here:
- general path to project: https://github.com/DHoffm/Responsive-color-google-map
- JS: FancyBox can be found in the /js/fancybox folder and JQuery Click Handling can be found in /js/responsive_map_admin.js
- PHP: /includes/elements/geodata.php (the code for the modal window can be found at the bottom)