You could hack something together with Ruby Sinatra pretty painlessly. This will take the path of the request, use curl to get the response from the real server, and pass it back to the requesting client. If you're trying to match content types to something other than text html, you'll need a little bit more handling for that. The backticks will give you as a text string the output from the system command.
require 'sinatra'
REAL_SERVER = "host:port"
def my_processing(input_data)
# do stuff
end
get '/*' do |path|
real_return = `curl #{REAL_SERVER}/#{path}`
my_processing(real_return)
end