It's more verbose than what Rails does and requires an extra file, but you can accomplish sort of the same thing using tags.
partial.tagx
<jsp:root params...>
<jsp:directive.attribute name="arg1" params.../>
<jsp:directive.attribute name="arg2" params.../>
<jsp:directive.attribute name="arg3" params.../>
<!--- etc --->
<!--- partial content --->
</jsp:root>
Then you can reuse the partial content. For just the partial:
partial.jspx
<jsp:root params...>
<myprefix:partial arg1="..." arg2="..." arg3="..." otherparams="..."/>
</jsp:root>
Which you then serve with regular controller function. You can use the within your view:
view.jspx
<!--- Other view content --->
<div class="somewhere">
<myprefix:partial arg1="..." arg2="..." arg3="..." otherparams="..."/>
</div>
<!--- Other view content --->
It's not pretty, but at least you get code reuse from this.