You can check the codex for the function you are using, namely - get_pages
:
https://codex.wordpress.org/Function_Reference/get_pages
You need to include 'sort_column' => 'ID'
.
An example using your code:
$children = get_pages( array(
'child_of' => $post->post_parent,
'sort_column' => 'ID'
) );