I don't think this is possible with Angular.
You can add an HTML tag <web-sandbox-component>
into the DOM and tell Angular it should process this new HTML and then Angular would instantiate the Angular component for this tag (this is what the question you linked is about).
I don't see this as a limitation. Is there something you would like to do that seems not possible this way?.
EDIT
Your code in main should look like this:
my document looks like
...
<body>
<div id="mydiv"></div>
...
</body>
and I append the <web-sandbox-component>
to the div
main() {
print('main');
ng.Injector inj = ngaf.applicationFactory().addModule(new MyAppModule()).run();
var node = dom.querySelector('#mydiv');
node.append(new dom.Element.html('<web-sandbox-component></web-sandbox-component>', validator: new dom.NodeValidatorBuilder()..allowCustomElement("web-sandbox-component")));
ng.Compiler compiler = inj.get(ng.Compiler);
ng.DirectiveMap directiveMap = inj.get(ng.DirectiveMap);
compiler(node.childNodes, directiveMap)(inj, node.childNodes);
}