You need to end your case first then use where clause
UPDATE openor
SET cur2 = CASE
WHEN $val1e<cur2 THEN cur2-$val1e
WHEN $val1e>cur2 THEN $val1e-cur2
WHEN $val1e=cur2 THEN '0'
ELSE cur2 END
WHERE id='2'
Also you can skip your else part
UPDATE openor
SET cur2 = CASE
WHEN $val1e<cur2 THEN cur2-$val1e
WHEN $val1e>cur2 THEN $val1e-cur2
WHEN $val1e=cur2 THEN '0'
END
WHERE id='2'