You didn't put it in Form use input hidden to post it
<form method="post" action="<?php echo $_SERVER['PHP_SELF']; ?>">
<input type="number" name="vuelto"><br>
<input type="hidden" name="cobro" value="<?php echo $cobro; ?>">
<input type="submit" name="submit" value="Submit Form"><br>
</form>
That's how you can pass cobro variable value which will be available in $_POST['cobro']