The functions in <CGAL/triangulation_polyhedron.h>
are not documented, because they are not ready to be used widely. That header is supposed to be used by the Polyhedron demo only.
The compilation error you get is there because the function template CGAL::triangulate_polyhedron
requires that the kernel used by the polyhedron is the CGAL::Exact_predicates_inexact_triangulation_kernel
.
As Sébastien has pointed out, anyway the output of CGAL::convex_hull_3
is a polyhedron with facets that are already triangulated.