As VMai said on his comment, the problem was that I was not using MySQL sintax.
The right sintax for the code is:
SET AUTOCOMMIT=0;
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS proceduretest;
delimiter //
CREATE PROCEDURE proceduretest()
BEGIN
DECLARE tableexist INT(1);
DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR SQLEXCEPTION ROLLBACK;
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO tableexist FROM information_schema.TABLES WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'tabletest';
IF tableexist > 0 THEN
INSERT INTO docs_id_entidades VALUES(56, 'test IF TRUE', 64);
ELSE
INSERT INTO docs_id_entidades VALUES(56, 'test IF FALSE', 64);
END IF;
END;
//
CALL proceduretest()//
COMMIT//
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS proceduretest