ID2D1RenderTarget::SetTransform
can be used to implement a 2D camera. All drawing operations will first apply the transform, which is a 3x2 matrix and therefore fully capable of representing a camera with translation, rotation, scale, and skew (though you probably shouldn't let your camera skew the scene). As for how to generate the matrix, look at the helper functions in the D2D1::Matrix3x2F
class and check out this article on applying transforms.
As for an actual look-at camera, if you want to have look-at coordinate c in the center of a target of size s, you would set the translation to (s / 2) - c.