Well i think that there is not a shorter way but Replacing it like you did in your code.
When you want to run this code with a button click or when form loads or is shown. Then its smarter to Put it into a Private sub. Or put your Code into a BackgroundWorker.
so you dont have to paste your code everywhere where you want it to run.
Private Sub Encrypt()
Dim Text as string = Input.text
Text = Text.replace("a","z")
Text = Text.replace("b","y")
Text = Text.replace("c","x")
Text = Text.replace("d","w")
'etc
end sub
And with the background worker just Write this inside the BackgroundWorkerAsync or something like that:
Encrypt()
You can write it where you want it to run the code.