To have a functional HAProxy setup you would need either 'frontend' or 'listen' directives. These are the only directives that will respond to incoming requests. The 'backend' directive only provides for a way to route traffic behind the proxy.
That being said, here are the entries you need in a 'frontend' or 'listen' directive to accomplish your goals:
acl white_list src 192.168.1.0/24 192.168.10.0/24
tcp-request content accept if white_list
tcp-request content reject
These directives would allow only traffic coming from the 192.168.1/24 and 192.168.10/24 subnets.