You could use a subquery that returns the minimum created_at field for every school_id, and then you can group by yearweek and do the count:
SELECT
yearweek(u.min_created_at) AS yearweek_first_user,
COUNT(*)
FROM
(
SELECT school_id, MIN(created_at) AS min_created_at
FROM users
GROUP BY school_id
) u
GROUP BY
yearweek(u.min_created_at)