In the Mathjax documentation there is a section on local Mathjax fonts and Firefox which might be also helpful for Google Chrome:
copied from the Mathjax site
Firefox and local fonts
Firefox’s same-origin security policy affects its ability to load web-based fonts, as described above. This has implications not only to cross-domain loading of MathJax, but also to using MathJax locally from your hard disk. Firefox’s interpretation of the same-origin policy for local files is that the “same domain” for a page is the directory where that page exists, or any of its subdirectories. So if you use MathJax in a page with a file:// URL, and if MathJax is loaded from a directory other than the one containing the original page, then MathJax will not be able to access the web-based fonts in Firefox. In that case, MathJax will fall back on image fonts to display the mathematics.
In order for Firefox to be able to load the fonts properly for a local file, your MathJax installation must be in a subdirectory of the one containing the page that uses MathJax. This is an unfortunate restriction, but it is a limitiation imposed by Firefox’s security model that MathJax can not circumvent. Currently, this is not a problem for other browsers.
One solution to this problem is to install the MathJax fonts locally, so that Firefox will not have to use web-based fonts in the first place. To do that, either install the STIX fonts, or copy the fonts from MathJax/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/otf into your systems fonts directory and restart your browser (see the MathJax fonts help page for details).