It is related to Portable Class Libraries,
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/gg597391(v=vs.110).aspx
The v2.0.5.0 version is only a metadata container that is used solely for development and compilation. At runtime, the CLR (either Microsoft .NET or Mono) maps such references to the real target reference with v2.0.0.0 in Xamarin.Android case, or v4.0.0.0 in .NET Framework 4 case.
The performance impact should be minimal, while you get all the benefits of cross platform support. But definitely we need some official explanation from Xamarin employees (you should contact Xamarin support for a quicker answer).