Your passing the full path with $inseretInPdf->bindValue(':pdf_name', $f['pdf']);
which is:
$f['pdf'] = $year .'/'.$month .'/'.$f['url'].'.'.$ext;
2014 / 05 / F:\Xampp\tmp\phpE92C . tmp
So change $f['pdf']
to what you want it to display when it's added to the database.
EDIT: I updated the answer to visually show you what $f
was passing. (: