The example you cited isn't really relevant here. The easiest way to do it is to just use an image. If you're comfortable using a method that is only compatible with the WebGL renderer, I made a JSFiddle showing a simple example of a GLSL shader: http://jsfiddle.net/2qqdm/
The key bit is the fragment shader:
varying vec2 vUv;
varying vec3 vPosition;
uniform float radius;
void main() {
vec3 center = vec3(100.0, 100.0, 0.0);
float redAmount = max(0.0, min(1.0, distance(vPosition, center) / radius));
gl_FragColor = vec4(redAmount, 1.0 - redAmount, 0.0, 1.0);
}
You could probably also do this fully in JS with vertex colors, which would be compatible with CanvasRenderer as well; you'd just need to figure out where the center vertex is.