Qt just got what you need, you can use QActionGroup class.
Every action in the group will be automatically mutually exclusive.
#include <QActionGroup>
alignmentGroup = new QActionGroup(this);
alignmentGroup->addAction(leftAlignAct);
alignmentGroup->addAction(rightAlignAct);
alignmentGroup->addAction(justifyAct);
alignmentGroup->addAction(centerAct);
leftAlignAct->setChecked(true);
(picture from Qt official site)