The domain had been verified by another email previously years ago but the domain was not listed logging into that account. The other email was not listed as a domain owner either.
The way I fixed it was to re-add the domain using that old email, it didn't require verification stating that it was verified with a TXT record already. I then added the email address that has the Cloud Storage as an owner and can now see both owners when logged in.
Once that was done I was able to create the bucket. It seems that I had just run into a weird edge case.