SSH doesn't work with an HTTP/HTTPS proxy. If your proxy supports SOCKS, you may be able to use git via SOCKS using a wrapper like tsocks or socksify or a redirection tool like redsocks. Those are options for Linux; on Windows maybe something like Widecap will help. Here's a more comprehensive overview of tools that may be suitable: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_proxifiers
Alternatively, Git supports HTTP, too, and so does BitBucket, as far as I know. Hence, it might be worth trying the URL with https://
instead. Example: https://youruser@bitbucket.org/youruser/yourrepository.git