I finally found the solution: it should be update=":mainForm:display"
For those who are facing the same problem, firebug helped me finding the real id of the component, by displaying the source code of the page and searching for my component on it.
There, I found this:
<div id="mainForm:msgs" class="ui-messages ui-widget" aria-live="polite"></div>
<span id="mainForm:display"></span>
<script id="mainForm:display_s" type="text/javascript">
$(function(){PrimeFaces.cw('Growl','widget_mainForm_display',{id:'mainForm:display',sticky:false,life:6000,escape:true,msgs:[]});});
</script>
Also don't forget to prepend the id by an ":" (because every id should start with the NamingContainer separator character ":")