Well, i solved my issue by wrapping the textview in a linearlayout which centers the textview via gravity.
There seems to be a bug where you can't match_parent on textview within a listview on 4.2.2 (i've not tested any other versions than 4.2.2 and 2.3.3)
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:padding="16dp" >
<ImageView android:id="@+id/fylke_vapen"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:gravity="center"
android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
android:scaleType="fitCenter"
android:src="@drawable/fylke_buskerud" />
<CheckBox android:id="@+id/star"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:gravity="center"
android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
android:button="@drawable/star_checkbox"
android:focusable="false" />
<LinearLayout
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_toRightOf="@id/fylke_vapen"
android:layout_toLeftOf="@id/star"
android:layout_alignBottom="@id/fylke_vapen"
android:layout_alignTop="@id/fylke_vapen"
android:paddingLeft="16dp"
android:gravity="left|center" >
<TextView android:id="@+id/fylke_navn"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textSize="24sp"
android:maxLines="1"
android:text="Placeholder text" />
</LinearLayout>
</RelativeLayout>