Looks OK to me.
Threads have shared memory and if the reference to tempData turns up as a pointer in the thread then every thread sees exactly the same pointer value and the same single copy of tempData. [You can check that if you like with a bit of global code or some logging.]
Then the mutex ensures single-threaded access, at least in the threads.
One problem: somewhere there must be a push onto the deque, and that may need to be locked by the mutex as well. [Obviously the push_back onto the futures queue is just local.]