You cannot have the method "wait" for the activity to return its result, if that's why you're asking, startActivity() is asynchronous. However, you can achieve the same by "remembering" which button fired the event, i.e. by having a variable (pressedButton) in your activity referencing it.
final Button goliButton = new Button(this); // <---
goliButton.setText("+");
goliButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Intent i = new Intent(TekmaLive.this,DodajStrel.class);
i.putExtra("MINUTA", currTime /1000 + cetrtina * 15 * 60);
i.putExtra("TEKMA", tekmaId);
i.putExtra("IGRALKA", Integer.parseInt(igralka[0]));
i.putExtra("GOL", true);
TekmaLive.this.pressedButton = goliButton; // <---
TekmaLive.this.startActivityForResult(i, YOUR_REQUEST_CODE); // <---
}
});
then just read pressedButton in onActivityResult().
Also, you should use startActivityForResult() instead of startActivity() so that onActivityResult() is called afterwards.