As I'm assuming you hand this script out to your partners; there's no good way to do this.
New-AzureStorageContext needs the credentials in order to work. This means if you are to hand out this script to your partners with an encrypted "key", you'd also have to wrap it together with a "unencrypt" method, which in turn the partner could use to decrypt your key.
If you cannot hand out the keys to your partners, I would consider using another strategy for distributing and downloading your software.
Configure Azure Storage to serve public data If the partners have no need for your key after data have been downloaded, one solution could be to configure Azure to use a public url.
Change your powershell script (that your partners are using) to download scripts / data / installation from the public location and to the rest there. Then you wouldn't have to distribute your keys.