This answer should help you: https://stackoverflow.com/a/12432788/1221512
So your code should look like this:
QString data("<img class=\"openFile\" data-id=\"../uploads/536b5621d91df1.76481105.png\" src=\"../uploads/536b5621d91df1.76481105.png\" /> iOS Simulator Screen shot 7 apr 2014 15.32.12.png");
QString extractedData = data.section("src=\"",1).section("\"",0,0);
Also, may I suggest to use regular expression in combination with QString::filter()
?