You should be able to do a path => "/data/logs/*/worker-*.log"
and then add a grok filter to pull out what you need.
filter { grok { match => [ "path", "/(?<original_host>[^/]+)/worker-(?<worker>.*).log" ] } }
or something very close to that.... might want to surround it with if [path] =~ /worker/
depending on what else you have in your config file.