You could put the Image and the Line in a Viewbox:
<Viewbox Stretch="UniformToFill">
<Grid>
<Image Source="C:\Users\Public\Pictures\Sample Pictures\Desert.jpg"/>
<Line Stroke="White" StrokeThickness="5" X1="100" Y1="100" X2="1000" Y2="500"/>
</Grid>
</Viewbox>