Your other option is to ensure the former 'canvasBars' variable is actually the canvas.
var svgSelection = d3.select("#chart1").append("svg")
.attr("width", width + margin.left + margin.right)
.attr("height", height + margin.top + margin.bottom)
var baseGroup = svgSelection.append("g")
.attr("transform", "translate("+margin.left+","+margin.top+")");
Your former 'canvasBars' I have renamed to 'svgSelection'. If you want to modify the "canvas" directly, your former idea will now work.
svgSelection.attr("width", width + margin.left + margin.right);