Your version is slightly different from his one: in your program, if you have N consecutive spaces, they will be considered as N - 1 words, because for every space you add one to the word count. Also, the last input word won't be considered.
What is the need of using IN and OUT state in the following script?
Question
Hello everyone I just started learning C through THE c PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE Second Edition by Brian. W.Kernighnan (ISBN-13: 978-8131704943)
So here is a script which counts the characters, line, words
#include <stdio.h>
#define IN 1
#define OUT 0
main()
{
int c, nl, nw, nc, state;
/* c = input, nl = new line, nc = new character, nw = new word, state = (IN/OUT) */
state = OUT;
nl = nw = nc = 0;
while ((c = getchar()) != EOF)
{
++nc;
if (c == '\n')
++nl;
if (c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\t')
state = OUT;
else if (state == OUT)
{
state = IN;
++nw;
}
}
printf(" The number of lines is: %d,\n The number of words is: %d,\n The number of characters is: %d. \n", nl, nw, nc);
}
However I made a script which does the following without the need of defining state IN and OUT
#include <stdio.h>
main()
{
int nw, nl, nc, c ;
nl = nw = nc = c = 0 ;
while ((c = getchar()) != EOF)
{
++nc;
if (c == '\n')
++nl;
else if (c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\t')
++nw;
}
printf("Words:%d \nCharacters:%d \nLines:%d", nw, nc, nl);
}
So what is the difference between these two, why does the author use the state to define IN and OUT ??
[EDIT] Oh! I see so the script is just to avoid two things : 1. To avoid word count when there are more than one spaces following the word. 2. Secondly my script would count n-2 words I suppose if proper spacing is done. Which makes the author's script more fullproof.....Is there anything else except these two ??
And thank You for your answes too....
P.S: I'm sorry this is a bit off-topic is it ok to label the question [SOLVED] or is there any other way of doing this ??
Solution
OTHER TIPS
IN
literally means "inside a word" and OUT
literally means "outside a word". He is tracking the state of the proverbial cursor as he moves through the lines.