Yes you can, but you need to define which radio selection has which validators.
Maybe in your Action or directly in your Zend_Form.
You can overwrite the isValid() Method in your Form, example given.
Or, check for the value of the radio first, after that addValidator() to your form element.
Example
$form = new Application_Form_Test();
$radio = $this->_getParam('radio','default_value');
if($radio=='default_value') {
$form->myfieldid->addValidator('NotEmpty');
}
if($form->isValid($this->getRequest()->getPost())) {
//valid form!
}