If you want to achieve this all you have to do is to use this code insted of yours:
<div class="content row">
<div class="col-xs-3" style="padding-right: 5px;">
<input class="form-control" id="id_current_case_count" min="0" name="current_case_count" type="number" />
</div>
<div class="col-xs-3" style="padding-right: 5px;">
<input class="form-control" id="id_case_count_uncertainty" min="0" name="case_count_uncertainty" type="number" />
</div>
<div class="col-xs-6">
<select class="form-control" id="id_case_count_interval" name="case_count_interval">
<option value="weekly">per week</option>
<option value="total">total</option>
</select>
</div>
</div>
All the code in jsfiddle here.