Issue on Drawing Multiple Circles on HTML5 Canvas

Question

Can you please take a look at this demo and let me know how I can draw multiple circles in a canvas with different coordinate without repeating bunch of codes?

As you can see on Demo and following code

var ctx = $('#canvas')[0].getContext("2d");
ctx.fillStyle = "#00A308";
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.arc(150, 50, 5, 0, Math.PI * 2, true);
ctx.arc(20, 85, 5, 0, Math.PI * 2, true);
ctx.arc(160, 95, 5, 0, Math.PI * 2, true);
ctx.closePath();
ctx.fill();

I tried to have them under ctx but it is not correct so I tried to use for loop to create 50 points but I have issue on repeating and adding code like ctx.fill(); for all of them. Can you please let me know how I can fix this?

Thanks

Answer 1

This is because you are not closing the path, either using fill() or closePath() will close the path so it does not try and connect all the items. fill() fills in the circles and closes the path so we can just use that. Also you need to use beginPath(), so that they are separate from each other. Here is your three circles:

var coords = [ [150,50], [20,85], [160,95] ];

for(var i = 0; i < coords.length; i++){
    ctx.beginPath();
    ctx.arc(coords[i][0], coords[i][1], 5, 0, Math.PI * 2, true);
    ctx.fill();
}

To not repeat a bunch of code and have unique coordinates store your X and Y position in an array and use a for loop to go through it.

Update:

A more efficient way to do which achieves the same effect this would be to only use a single path and use moveTo() instead of creating a new path when drawing each circle:

ctx.beginPath();
for(var i = 0; i < coords.length; i++){
    ctx.moveTo(coords[i][0], coords[i][1]);
    ctx.arc(coords[i][0], coords[i][1], 5, 0, Math.PI * 2, true);
}
ctx.fill();

Answer 2

Constantly creating and closing new paths is not good advice.

You should batch together all fills / strokes of the same style, and execute them in a single draw call. The performance difference between these approaches becomes apparent very quickly with increasing polygon count.

The way to go about it is to move the pen and make the path construction call for each circle; stroke/fill in the end in one shot. However, there's a quirk involved here. When you have the point moved to the center and draw the circle, you'd still see a horizontal radius line, drawn from the center of the circle, to the circumference.

To avoid this artefact, instead of moving to the center, we move to the circumference. This skips the radius drawing. Essentially all these commands are for tracing a path and there's no way to describe a discontinuity without calling closePath; usually moveTo does it but HTML5 canvas API it doesn't. This is a simple workaround to counter that.

const pi2 = Math.PI * 2;
const radius = 5;
ctx.fillStyle = '#00a308';
ctx.beginPath();

for( let i=0, l=coords.length; i < l; i++ )
{
    const p = coords[i],
    x = p.x,
    y = p.y;

    ctx.moveTo( x + radius, y ); // This was the line you were looking for
    ctx.arc( x, y, radius, 0, pi2 );
}

// Finally, draw outside loop
ctx.stroke();
ctx.fill();

Also worth considering, is using transformations, and drawing everything relative to a local frame of reference.

ctx.fillStyle = '#00a308';
ctx.beginPath();

for( let i=0, l=coords.length; i < l; i++ )
{
    const p = coords[i];

    ctx.save();
        ctx.translate( p.x + radius, p.y );
        ctx.moveTo( 0, 0 );
        ctx.arc( 0, 0, radius, 0, pi2 );
    ctx.restore();
}

ctx.stroke();
ctx.fill();

Answer 3

  ctx.beginPath();
  points.forEach(point => {
    ctx.moveTo( point.x, point.y );
    ctx.arc(point.x,point.y,1,0,Math.PI*2,false);
  });
  ctx.fill();

Answer 4

You can easily create several circles with a for loop. You really just need to draw an arc and fill it each time. Using your example, you could do something like this.

var ctx = $('#canvas')[0].getContext("2d");
ctx.fillStyle = "#00A308";
for (var i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
  ctx.arc(50 * (i+1), 50 + 15 * i, 5, 0, Math.PI * 2, true);
  ctx.fill();
}

Answer 5

Example Fiddle of lots of circles in different locations drawn in a loop.

var canvas = document.getElementById('canvas');
var ctx = canvas.getContext( '2d' );
var cx = canvas.width/2;
var cy = canvas.height/2;
ctx.fillStyle = "#00A308";

var total_circles = 50;
var radius = 100;
for(i = 0; i < total_circles; i++){
    var angle = i * 2 * Math.PI/total_circles;
    var x = cx + Math.cos(angle) * radius;
    var y = cy + Math.sin(angle) * radius;   
    ctx.beginPath();
    ctx.arc(x, y, 2, 0, Math.PI * 2, true);
    ctx.closePath();
    ctx.fill();
}