Is there any library for audio processing in Android like OpenCV in image processing?

Question

I understand OpenCV is a de facto library for programming image processing. I wonder if there is one C or C++ library like that in audio processing. I basically wants to filter those raw waves from microphone and analyze them with some machine learning algorithms. I found this Q & A but that didn't really answer my question. Any advise would be appreciated.

EDIT: I got a very good answer from Signal Processing But I am not sure I can use any of them for Android mainly due to its infamous high audio latency issue.