How does compiler handle exceptions that are implicit? Looking for design strategies

Question

Throughout the function handleException, the exception encountered is implicit. How does the compiler handle such implicit passing of exceptions? [For e.g. in C++ methods, this pointer is passed to account for the current object. My question is how does a compiler handle exceptions internally - handleException has no arguments.]

 void handleException()
 {
   try {
     throw;
   }
   catch (MyException& e) {
     ...code to handle MyException...
   }
   catch (YourException& e) {
     ...code to handle YourException...
   }
 }

 void f()
 {
   try {
     ...something that might throw...
   }
   catch (...) {
     handleException();
   }
 }