The idea behind the state of Imperative languages

Question

I was reading about programming paradigms and I have a question about the state when speaking about Imperative languages. What does it mean to change the program's state? Is it just an abstract idea? I know that C is in the Imperative paradigm (In fact in the Procedural paradigm), so it has a state, but I don't understand how it is expressed in language. Is there a special space in memory that contain 1 or 0? But then, what 0 and 1 represent?

If for example we have:

int x = 5;
printf("%d,5);

How the state will be affected by each line? Also, why Functional languages does not have one and what is the impact of having one.

As you can see, I'm a bit confused about the idea behind the state. I think that a small example make a bit clear.

I also read the previous thread from the second site, but it didn't help me to understand.